About the Authors

Gokhan Tut

Contributed equally to this work with: Gokhan Tut, Tara Lancaster, Laura Shallcross, Paul Moss

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Tara Lancaster

Contributed equally to this work with: Gokhan Tut, Tara Lancaster, Laura Shallcross, Paul Moss

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Panagiota Sylla

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

David Bone

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Christopher Bentley

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Azar Jadir

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Rachel Bruton

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Katie Spencer

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Soumyajit Mallick

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ahmed Elzaidi

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Alexander Dowell

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Mary Wu

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Covid Surveillance Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

Ruth Harvey

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute London, London, United Kingdom

Edward Carr

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Francis Crick Institute London, London, United Kingdom, Genotype-to-Phenotype UK National Virology Consortium (G2P-UK), London, United Kingdom, UCL Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Rupert Beale

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Francis Crick Institute London, London, United Kingdom, Genotype-to-Phenotype UK National Virology Consortium (G2P-UK), London, United Kingdom, UCL Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Maria Krutikov

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UCL Institute of Health Informatics, London, United Kingdom

Oliver Stirrup

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom

Borscha Azmi

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UCL Institute of Health Informatics, London, United Kingdom

Andrew Hayward

Roles Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom

Andrew Copas

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom

Laura Shallcross

Contributed equally to this work with: Gokhan Tut, Tara Lancaster, Laura Shallcross, Paul Moss

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UCL Institute of Health Informatics, London, United Kingdom

Paul Moss

Contributed equally to this work with: Gokhan Tut, Tara Lancaster, Laura Shallcross, Paul Moss

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

p.moss@bham.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Crick COVID Immunity Pipeline

Membership of this group is shown in the acknowledgements.

Affiliation The Francis Crick Institute London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: the authors received support from the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (CC2230, CC2087), the UK Medical Research Council (CC2230, CC2087) and the Wellcome Trust (CC2230, CC2087). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.