About the Authors

Shamsuddeen Adamu

Contributed equally to this work with: Shamsuddeen Adamu, Hitham Alhussian

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

shamsu200@yahoo.com (SA); seddig.alhussian@utp.edu.my (HA)

Affiliations Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia, IAIICT, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Hitham Alhussian

Contributed equally to this work with: Shamsuddeen Adamu, Hitham Alhussian

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

shamsu200@yahoo.com (SA); seddig.alhussian@utp.edu.my (HA)

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Said Jadid Abdulkadir

Roles Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Majdy Mohamed Eltayeb Eltahir

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation King Khalid University, Applied College of Muhayil Asir, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Sallam O. F. Khairy

Roles Formal analysis, Software

Affiliation Department of Information Systems, College of Economics, Management and Information Systems, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

Gasim Hayder

Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Environmental Engineering Department, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

Mahdi Ali Lathbl

Roles Resources, Validation

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Hassan Salisu Mohammed

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Abdulrazak Oladeji Adekunle

Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Gbolagade Kamaldeen

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Samaila Musa Abdullahi

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cyber Security, Faculty of Computing, Air Force Institute of Technology, AFIT, Kaduna, Nigeria

Yahaya Saidu

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Computer Information Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.