Pairwise causal discovery in biochemical networks: A survey on directionality inference within complex networks from stationary observations

Nava Leibovich; Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0349617

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Pairwise causal discovery in biochemical networks: A survey on directionality inference within complex networks from stationary observations

Nava Leibovich ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: Nava.Leibovich@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

Affiliation National Research Council of Canada, NRC-Fields Mathematical Sciences Collaboration Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9182-3640

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Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Pairwise causal discovery in biochemical networks: A survey on directionality inference within complex networks from stationary observations

Nava Leibovich,
Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf

Published: June 16, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0349617

About the Authors

Nava Leibovich

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: Nava.Leibovich@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

Affiliation National Research Council of Canada, NRC-Fields Mathematical Sciences Collaboration Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9182-3640

Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Metabolic networks
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Scale-free networks
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Drug interactions
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Interaction networks
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Cell metabolism
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Metabolomics
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Neural networks
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Statistical data
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