Out-of-pocket payments and associated factors among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme in a referral hospital, Ghana

Angela Nana Esi Ackon; Hubert Amu; Martin Amogre Ayanore

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0348971

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Out-of-pocket payments and associated factors among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme in a referral hospital, Ghana

Angela Nana Esi Ackon ,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: angela.aan2009@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4657-8573

⨯
Hubert Amu,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
⨯
Martin Amogre Ayanore

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
⨯

Out-of-pocket payments and associated factors among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme in a referral hospital, Ghana

Angela Nana Esi Ackon,
Hubert Amu,
Martin Amogre Ayanore

Published: May 14, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0348971

About the Authors

Angela Nana Esi Ackon

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: angela.aan2009@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4657-8573

Hubert Amu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana

Martin Amogre Ayanore

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Health economics
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Finance
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Hypertension
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Ghana
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Health insurance
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Payment
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Health care facilities
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Socioeconomic aspects of health
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