Fear and the internalization of external regulation – An exploratory study on how fear of COVID-19 affected the internalization of mask-wearing

Jonas Tögel; Christof Kuhbandner

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0347772

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Fear and the internalization of external regulation – An exploratory study on how fear of COVID-19 affected the internalization of mask-wearing

Jonas Tögel ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: jonas.toegel@psychologie.uni-regensburg.de

Affiliation Department of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4036-1121

⨯
Christof Kuhbandner

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
⨯

Fear and the internalization of external regulation – An exploratory study on how fear of COVID-19 affected the internalization of mask-wearing

Jonas Tögel,
Christof Kuhbandner

Published: May 12, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347772

About the Authors

Jonas Tögel

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: jonas.toegel@psychologie.uni-regensburg.de

Affiliation Department of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4036-1121

Christof Kuhbandner

Affiliation Department of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Fear
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COVID 19
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Motivation
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Behavior
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Emotions
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Regulations
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Forecasting
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Psychometrics
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