About the Authors

Yume Souma

Contributed equally to this work with: Yume Souma, Takashi Nakazawa, Tomoyuki Tatsumi, Yoshiko Arima, Susumu Ohnuma

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

souma.yume.l6@elms.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan

Yukihide Shibata

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

‡ YS, MT, and QC also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Mie Tsujimoto

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

‡ YS, MT, and QC also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Qinglin Cui

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

‡ YS, MT, and QC also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Takashi Nakazawa

Contributed equally to this work with: Yume Souma, Takashi Nakazawa, Tomoyuki Tatsumi, Yoshiko Arima, Susumu Ohnuma

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Sociology, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan

Tomoyuki Tatsumi

Contributed equally to this work with: Yume Souma, Takashi Nakazawa, Tomoyuki Tatsumi, Yoshiko Arima, Susumu Ohnuma

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Life and Career Planning, Toyohashi Sozo Junior College, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan

Yoshiko Arima

Contributed equally to this work with: Yume Souma, Takashi Nakazawa, Tomoyuki Tatsumi, Yoshiko Arima, Susumu Ohnuma

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan

Susumu Ohnuma

Contributed equally to this work with: Yume Souma, Takashi Nakazawa, Tomoyuki Tatsumi, Yoshiko Arima, Susumu Ohnuma

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.