About the Authors

Linda Sande

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Mariet Benade

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Timothy Tchereni

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi

Aniset Kamanga

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative-Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Vinolia Ntjikelane

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Allison Morgan

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Taurai Makwalu

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative-Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Wyness Phiri

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi

Priscilla Lumano-Mulenga

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Zambia Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia

Prudence Haimbe

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative-Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Hilda Shakwelele

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative-Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Amy Huber

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Sophie Pascoe

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Mhairi Maskew

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Nancy Scott

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sydney Rosen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sbrosen@bu.edu

Affiliations Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

PLM holds a position in a government agency that has supervisory authority over some of the healthcare facilities involved in this study. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.