About the Authors

Collins Mukubesa

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Maamba General Hospital, Sinazongwe, Zambia

Lukundo Siame

Contributed equally to this work with: Lukundo Siame

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

lukundosiame23@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia, Department of Internal Medicine, Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia

Malan Malumani

Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia

Faceroy Nkole

Roles Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Maamba General Hospital, Sinazongwe, Zambia, Ministry of Health, Kazungula District Health Office, Kazungula, Zambia

Propheria C. Lwiindi

Roles Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Rusangu University, Monze, Zambia

Matenge Mutalange

Roles Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia

Geofrey Mupeta

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia

Memory Ngosa

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia

Martin Chakulya

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia

Benson M. Hamooya

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia

Chitalu Chanda

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.