About the Authors

Kosuke Sasaki

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sasaki.kosuke.u73@kyoto-u.jp

Affiliations Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan

Manabu Sezaki

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Rehabilitation, Saiseikai Niigata Kenoh Kikan Hospital, Sanjo, Niigata, Japan

Kiyokazu Sekikawa

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

Hiroshi Kiga

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu, Niigata, Japan

Madoka Iwasaki

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Clinical Technology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan

Kazuyuki Tabira

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragigun-koryocho, Nara, Japan

Yutaro Oki

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

Akira Tamaki

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Physical Therapy Standardization Committee, Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

Competing Interests

This study was supported by a research grant from the Japanese Society of Physical Therapy (Grant Number: 23-005 to MS). Kosuke Sasaki served as a councilor of the Japanese Society of Respiratory Physical Therapy (JSRPT) until July 2025 and received an honorarium from JSRPT for a lecture outside the submitted work. Manabu Sezaki, Kiyokazu Sekikawa, Kazuyuki Tabira, and Yutaro Oki are directors of JSRPT. Akira Tamaki is the president of JSRPT. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.