About the Authors

Matilda Gibbons

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ethan G. McBride

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Raghuram Holenarasipura Venkatasubbaiah

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Majid Khalili-Ardali

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, France

Jacqulyn R. Kuyat

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Samuel Gale

Roles Methodology, Software

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Vayle LaFehr

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nathan W. Vogler

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mohammadali Kheirkhah Ravandi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Ming-Jiun Tsai

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Corbett Bennett

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Arjun Sridhar

Roles Data curation, Software

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Benjamin Hardcastle

Roles Data curation, Software

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Hannah Cabasco

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Christof Koch

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Tiny Blue Dot Foundation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America

Lionel Naccache

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

Giulio Tononi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Shawn Olsen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

shawno@alleninstitute.org (SO); mgeffen@pennmedicine.upenn.edu (MNG); fanispa@gmail.com (TIP); saalmann@wisc.edu (YB)

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Maria Neimark Geffen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

shawno@alleninstitute.org (SO); mgeffen@pennmedicine.upenn.edu (MNG); fanispa@gmail.com (TIP); saalmann@wisc.edu (YB)

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

shawno@alleninstitute.org (SO); mgeffen@pennmedicine.upenn.edu (MNG); fanispa@gmail.com (TIP); saalmann@wisc.edu (YB)

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece

Yuri B. Saalmann

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

shawno@alleninstitute.org (SO); mgeffen@pennmedicine.upenn.edu (MNG); fanispa@gmail.com (TIP); saalmann@wisc.edu (YB)

‡ MG, EGM, RHV and MK-A authors share first authorship on this work. SO, MNG, TIP and YBS are senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Competing Interests

We have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: C.K. and G.T. are Board Members and have a financial interest in Intrinsic Powers Inc., a company whose purpose is to develop a device that can be used to assess the presence of consciousness. They do not pose a conflict of interest with regard to the work undertaken for these studies.