About the Authors

Ya-Hui Chang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Emergency Department, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Jia-Ling Wu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Shang-Chi Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Chuan-Yu Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Chin-Wei Kuo

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Esther Ching-Lan Lin

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Shu-Ying Lo

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tobacco Control Division, Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan

Yu-Ying Huang

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tobacco Control Division, Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan

Chao-Ying Tsai

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tobacco Control Division, Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan

Pei-Hsing Hsieh

Contributed equally to this work with: Pei-Hsing Hsieh, Chung-Yi Li

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Emergency Department, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Chung-Yi Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Pei-Hsing Hsieh, Chung-Yi Li

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

cyli99@mail.ncku.edu.tw

Affiliations Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.