About the Authors

Sarah D. Mills

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sarahmills@unc.edu

Affiliations Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Nicholas Tapp Hughes

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Yu Zhang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Kurt M. Ribisl

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Christopher A. Wiesen

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Odum Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Jiaqian Fan

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Kristen Hassmiller Lich

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: KMR has served as a paid expert consultant representing plaintiffs in litigation against e-cigarette and tobacco companies.