About the Authors

Yang Guo

Contributed equally to this work with: Yang Guo, Lingkun Wang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China

Ruonan Wang

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Nursing, Medical College, Xijing University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China

Anqi Li

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Nursing, Medical College, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China

Jie Yao

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Nursing College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China

Lingkun Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Yang Guo, Lingkun Wang

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

wanglingkun2025@163.com

Affiliation Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

Competing Interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.