About the Authors

Bisola Hamzat

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Grace Cheung

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Canadian Institute for Health Information, Toronto, Ontario,

Dean T. Eurich

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Jean-Luc Kaboré

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institut National d’Excellence en Santé et en Services Sociaux, Québec, Canada

Louis de Léséleuc

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Canada’s Drug Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Zhaoyu Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Health Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Daniel McCormack

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Houssem Missaoui

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institut National d’Excellence en Santé et en Services Sociaux, Québec, Canada

Jason R. Randall

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Dana Shearer

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David Stock

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Canada’s Drug Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Tara Gomes

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Tara.Gomes@unityhealth.to

Affiliations Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

Dr. Gomes reports honoraria from Indigenous Services Canada, and contracts with the Ontario College of Pharmacists and the Auditor General of British Columbia unrelated to this work. She has also been paid for expert testimony in an inquest led by the Ontario Office of the Chief Coroner. No other competing interests were declared.