About the Authors

Xiajing Chu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

João Pedro Lima

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Thomas Kevill Vitreoretinal Imaging Lab, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Dena Zeraatkar

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Thomas Kevill Vitreoretinal Imaging Lab, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Jinhui Ma

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Thomas Kevill Vitreoretinal Imaging Lab, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Femin Prasad

Roles Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Sangeetha Srinivasan

Roles Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph’s Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Sobha Sivaprasad

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom

Teresa Sandinha

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Peter Kaiser

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio

David H. Steel

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom

Tien Yin Wong

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Charles C. Wykoff

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Retina Consultants of Texas, Houston, Texas, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Varun Chaudhary

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

vchaudh@mcmaster.ca

Affiliations Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Thomas Kevill Vitreoretinal Imaging Lab, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE disclosures form. XC, JPL, DZ, JM: None; SS reports grants from Bayer, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, and AbbVie; consultancy for AbbVie, Alimera Sciences, Amgen, Apellis, Astellas, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clearside Biomedical, Eyebiotech, EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Iveric Bio, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Optos, Ocular Therapeutix, Kriya Therapeutics, OcuTerra, Ripple Therapeutics, Roche, Stealth Biotherapeutics, and Sanofi; payment or honoraria from Bayer, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, and AbbVie; meeting/travel support from Bayer and Roche; participation on an advisory board or DSMB for Novo Nordisk; stock or stock options in EyeBiotech; and receipt of materials or services from Boehringer Ingelheim. DHS: Consultant for Alcon, BVI, DORC, Roche, Alimera, Eyepoint, Complement therapeutics, Sitala, AviadoBio; Research funding: Alcon, Bayer, DORC, BVI, Boehringer-Ingelheim; PK: Dr. Kaiser serves as a consultant for AAVAntgarde Bio, Abbvie, Alcon, Alexion, Alkeus, Allgenesis, Alzheon, Amaros, Annexon Biosciences, AsclepiX, Astellas, Augen Therapeutics, Aviceda, Bayer, Bausch and Lomb, Beacon Therapeutics (AGTC), Biogen Idec, Bionic Vision Technologies, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Celltrion Healthcare Co., Complement Therapeutics, Endogena Therapeutics, Frontera Therapeutics, Galimedix, Innovent, Invirsa, iRenix, Isarna, Janssen, jCyte, Kanaph Therapeutics, Kanghong, Kera Therapeutics, Kriya Therapeutics, Nanoscope Therapeutics, Ocugenix, Oculis, Omeros, Osanni Bio, Panther Pharmaceuticals, Ray Therapeutics, RegenxBio, Resonance Medicine Inc., RetinaAI Medical AG, Retinal Sciences, ReVana, Revopsis, Roivant, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, SGN Nanopharma Inc., SmileBiotek Zhuhai Ltd, Stealth Biotherapeutics, Stuart, Sustained Nano Systems, Takeda, Théa, Tilak, Unity Biotechnology, Vanotech, VisgenX; He is an employee of Ocular Therapeutics. TYW: Professor Wong is a consultant for Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Genentech, Iveric Bio, Novartis, Oxurion, Plano, Roche, Sanofi, and Shanghai Henlius. He is an inventor, holds patents and is a co-founder of start-up companies EyRiS and Visre, which have interests in, and develop digital solutions for eye diseases; CCW: Dr. Wykoff reports consulting for 4DMT, AbbVie, Adverum, Alcon, Alimera, Alkeus, Annexon, Apellis, Aviceda, Bayer, Biocryst, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clearside, EyeBiotech, EyePoint, Genentech, InGel, Janssen, Kiora, KodiakMerck, Neurotech, Novartis, Ocuphire, ONL, Opthea, Osanni, Panther, Perceive Bio, Ray, Regeneron, RegenXBio, Sanofi, Santen, Stealth, Valo, Zeiss.; VC: Dr. Chaudhary reports acting as an advisory board member, grants and other from Novartis; acting as an advisory board member, grants and other from Bayer; grants from Allergan; acting as an advisory board member and grants from Roche; acting as an advisory board member for Janssen; acting as an advisory board member for Apellis; acting as an advisory board member for Boehringer Ingelheim, and acting as an advisory board member for EyePoint outside the submitted work. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.