About the Authors

Josphat Kosgei

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

josphat.kosgei@usamru-k.org (JK); tcrowell@hivresearch.org (TAC)

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Kericho, Kenya, HJF Medical Research International, Kericho, Kenya, College of Health Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Walter Jaoko

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Health Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Julius Oyugi

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Health Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Natalie Burns

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jonah Maswai

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Kericho, Kenya, HJF Medical Research International, Kericho, Kenya

John Owuoth

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya, HJF Medical Research International, Kisumu, Kenya

Valentine Sing’oei

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya, HJF Medical Research International, Kisumu, Kenya

Emmanuel Bahemana

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Mbeya, Tanzania, HJF Medical Research International, Mbeya, Tanzania

Abdulwasiu B. Tiamiyu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Abuja, Nigeria, HJF Medical Research International, Abuja, Nigeria

Hannah Kibuuka

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Makerere University Walter Reed Program, Kampala, Uganda

Leigh Anne Eller

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Julie A. Ake

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America

Neha Shah

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America

Trevor A. Crowell

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

josphat.kosgei@usamru-k.org (JK); tcrowell@hivresearch.org (TAC)

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

on behalf of the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) Study Group

Membership of African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.