About the Authors

Chengwei Zhao

Contributed equally to this work with: Chengwei Zhao, Long Li

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, China

Long Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Chengwei Zhao, Long Li

Roles Project administration

Affiliations School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, China, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Yubo Wang

Roles Validation

Affiliation School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, China

Xuqing Li

Roles Supervision

meililixuqing@163.com

Affiliation School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, China

Chong Xu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, China

Yubin Song

Roles Funding acquisition

Affiliation School of Electronic and Control Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, China

Dongsheng Ren

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Hebei Provincial Institute of Geological Surveying and Mapping (Spatial Information Technology Application Research Center of Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development), Langfang, China

Cheng Xiao

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation School of Electronic and Control Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.