About the Authors

Celia J. Bernstein

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Christopher M. Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

c.smith.12@warwick.ac.uk

Affiliation Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Carl Powell

Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Pre-Hospital Emergency Research Unit (PERU), Institute of Life Sciences Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom

Mary O’Sullivan

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) representative,

Mark Holt

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) representative,

Keith Couper

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Nigel Rees

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Pre-Hospital Emergency Research Unit (PERU), Institute of Life Sciences Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Competing interests are declared in the manuscript: Christopher M Smith has volunteer roles with Resuscitation Council UK, European Resuscitation Council and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Keith Couper is chair of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research for Patient Benefit funding committee for the West Midlands region in the UK. Nigel Rees receives research and development funding from Health & Care Research Wales, who also provided UK NHS delivery funding for this project. Nigel Rees is Assistant Director for Research & Innovation for Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust.