About the Authors

Danyang Dai

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

j.pole@utoronto.ca (JDP); danyang.dai@uq.edu.au (DD)

Affiliation Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Pedro Franca Gois

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Faculty of Health, Medicine & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Nephrology and Transplantation, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

Marina Wainstein

Roles Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Health, Medicine & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Moji Ghadimi

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Nicholas Spyrison

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Rolando Claure-Del Granado

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Nephrology Hospital Obrero No 2 – Caja Nacional de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia, IIBISMED, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, School of Medicine, Cochabamba, Bolivia

Sally Shrapnel

Roles Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada

Jason D. Pole

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

j.pole@utoronto.ca (JDP); danyang.dai@uq.edu.au (DD)

Affiliations Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada

ISARIC Characterization Group

The full list of ISARIC Characterization Group can be found in the acknowledgement.

Affiliation International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Deputy Chair of the ISN Fellowship committee. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.