Intervallic intonation: Applying the Implication-Realization model of musical melody to speech intonation and prosody

Alfred W. Cramer

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336780

Loading metrics

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Intervallic intonation: Applying the Implication-Realization model of musical melody to speech intonation and prosody

Alfred W. Cramer

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: acramer@pomona.edu

Affiliation Department of Music, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2164-023X

⨯

Intervallic intonation: Applying the Implication-Realization model of musical melody to speech intonation and prosody

Alfred W. Cramer

Published: November 14, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336780

About the Authors

Alfred W. Cramer

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: acramer@pomona.edu

Affiliation Department of Music, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2164-023X

Competing Interests

The author has declared that no competing interests exist.

Subject Areas
?

For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here.
We want your feedback. Do these Subject Areas make sense for this article? Click the target next to the incorrect Subject Area and let us know. Thanks for your help!

Syllables
Is the Subject Area "Syllables" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Speech
Is the Subject Area "Speech" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Speech signal processing
Is the Subject Area "Speech signal processing" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Linguistics
Is the Subject Area "Linguistics" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Pitch perception
Is the Subject Area "Pitch perception" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Music perception
Is the Subject Area "Music perception" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Cities
Is the Subject Area "Cities" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Syntax
Is the Subject Area "Syntax" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.