About the Authors

Kirstie McClatchey

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Directorate of Public Health, NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom

Daisy Bertram

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Atena Barat

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Brigitte Delaney

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation SCHARR, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Vicky Hammersley

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Barbara Korell

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Viv Marsh

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, NHS Black Country Integrated Care Board, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom

Megan Preston

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Oakington, United Kingdom, hVIVO Services Ltd, London, United Kingdom

Jessica Sheringham

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

Liz Steed

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Steven Julious

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation SCHARR, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

David Price

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Stephanie J. C. Taylor

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Hilary Pinnock

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

hilary.pinnock@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: KMcC, AB, BD, VH, VM, JS, LS, MP, DP, SJ, SJCT, HP are all funded via their institutions to work on the NIHR IMP2ART programme as investigators or researchers. DP has advisory board membership with Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Circassia, Viatris, Mundipharma, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Thermofisher; consultancy agreements with Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Viatris, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Theravance; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd) from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Circassia, Viatris, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Theravance and UK National Health Service; payment for lectures/speaking engagements from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Viatris, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme and Teva Pharmaceuticals; payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Circassia, Mundipharma, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Thermofisher; funding for patient enrolment or completion of research from Novartis; stock/stock options from AKL Research and Development Ltd which produces phytopharmaceuticals; owns 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd (Australia and UK) and 74% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (Singapore); 5% shareholding in Timestamp which develops adherence monitoring technology; is peer reviewer for grant committees of the UK Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, and Health Technology Assessment; and was an expert witness for GlaxoSmithKline. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.