About the Authors

Sarah M. Bagley

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sarah.bagley@bmc.org

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ariel D. Maschke

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Miriam T. H. Harris

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alexander Y. Walley

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Samantha Johnson

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Emily Hurstak

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

John Farley

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation San Francisco Department of Public Health. San Francisco, California, United States of America

Sarah G. Keller

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Vanessa M. McMahan

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation San Francisco Department of Public Health. San Francisco, California, United States of America

Cynthia Barrett

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation San Francisco Department of Public Health. San Francisco, California, United States of America

Phillip O. Coffin

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation San Francisco Department of Public Health. San Francisco, California, United States of America

Christine M. Gunn

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.