About the Authors

Tyler K. Ho

Roles Project administration, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Elizabeth G. Halsne

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sara R. Koehler-McNicholas

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Rehabilitation & Engineering Center for Optimizing Veteran Engagement & Reintegration (RECOVER), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Andrew H. Hansen

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Rehabilitation & Engineering Center for Optimizing Veteran Engagement & Reintegration (RECOVER), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Andrew Sawers

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Joshua M. Caputo

Roles Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Human Motion Technologies LLC d/b/a Humotech, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Carl S. Curran

Roles Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Human Motion Technologies LLC d/b/a Humotech, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alexandria Lloyd

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Rehabilitation & Engineering Center for Optimizing Veteran Engagement & Reintegration (RECOVER), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Juan Cave

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Rehabilitation & Engineering Center for Optimizing Veteran Engagement & Reintegration (RECOVER), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

David C. Morgenroth

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft

dmorgen@uw.edu

Affiliations Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

Joshua M. Caputo and Carl S. Curran are employees of Human Motion Technologies LLC d/b/a Humotech, the company that manufactures the prosthetic foot emulators used in the protocol described in this manuscript. Neither individual will be involved in data collection, analysis, or interpretation of results. Humotech did not provide funding for this study, and there are no restrictions on publishing the results of this study, regardless of the outcomes. The authors have no other competing interests to declare. The patents related to this submission include United States patent numbers US10537283B1 and US10350092B1. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.