About the Authors

Kunyi Wang

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Yaohua Zhao

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

zhaoyaohua2025@163.com

Affiliation School of Trafic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.