https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1874-7997
About the Authors
- Xiaoling Xue
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Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Business, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Yunfei Hao
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Roles Writing – original draft
* E-mail: haoyf@sdu.edu.cn
Affiliations Journal Publishing Office of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China, Institute of State Governance, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jiankang Feng
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Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Linlin Han
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Economics and Management, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
Competing Interests
The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: all four authors are members of the project funded by the National Social Science Fund of China - Key Project (Grant No. 21&ZD088) titled “Measuring Household Economic Risks in China: Causes and Spillover Effects.” This paper is a partial result of that research project. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.