About the Authors

Alex T. Gong

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

atg6@uw.edu

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Aleah M. DeSchmidt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Austin J. Baird

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jessica G. Gonzaga

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Shi-Wen Olivia Yau

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Rudolph J. Toepfer

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jessica Zhang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Conner J. Parsey

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Simulation Research Branch Simulation and Training Technology Center, United States of America Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Orlando, Florida, United States of America

Rainer Leuschke

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jack E. Norfleet

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Simulation Research Branch Simulation and Training Technology Center, United States of America Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Orlando, Florida, United States of America

Robert M. Sweet

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Healthcare Simulation Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.