About the Authors

Zhuo Su

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan, China

Daifeng Yang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Chun Wang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation LaFetra College of Education, University of La Verne, La Verne, California, United States of America

Zhenlin Xiao

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan, China

Shanshan Cai

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

s.cai6@lancaster.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.