About the Authors

Chongren Wang

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China,, Digital Economy Research Institute, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China

Pimei Gong

Roles Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft

m1926017049@gmail.com

Affiliations School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China,, Digital Economy Research Institute, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China

Jiawang Li

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China,

Zhiyi Wang

Roles Data curation, Visualization

Affiliations School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China,, Digital Economy Research Institute, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.