Improving the accuracy of cybersecurity spam email detection using ensemble techniques: A stacking approach Machine learning for spam email detection

Ye Tian; Xin Dai; Zhijun Li; Hong Guo; Xiao Mao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331574

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Improving the accuracy of cybersecurity spam email detection using ensemble techniques: A stacking approach Machine learning for spam email detection

Ye Tian ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: tiany@ssfjd.cn

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2428-2582

⨯
Xin Dai,

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation Citicbank Software Development Center, Beijing, China
⨯
Zhijun Li,

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
⨯
Hong Guo,

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
⨯
Xiao Mao

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
⨯

Improving the accuracy of cybersecurity spam email detection using ensemble techniques: A stacking approach Machine learning for spam email detection

Ye Tian,
Xin Dai,
Zhijun Li,
Hong Guo,
Xiao Mao

Published: September 3, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331574

About the Authors

Ye Tian

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: tiany@ssfjd.cn

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2428-2582

Xin Dai

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation Citicbank Software Development Center, Beijing, China

Zhijun Li

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China

Hong Guo

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China

Xiao Mao

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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