About the Authors

Miao Deng

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft

dm20250221@163.com

Affiliations School of Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Hebei, Sanhe, China, Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Hebei, Sanhe, China

Lina Lu

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Hebei, Sanhe, China, Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Hebei, Sanhe, China

Shaoyan Wen

Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Hebei, Sanhe, China, Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Hebei, Sanhe, China

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.