In vitro characterization of Trichophyton rubrum biofilm by combined anti-biofilm enzymes

Amna Rehman; Fatima Ismail; Ayesha Safdar; Muhammad Imran

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331291

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

In vitro characterization of Trichophyton rubrum biofilm by combined anti-biofilm enzymes

Amna Rehman,

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
⨯
Fatima Ismail ,

Roles Supervision

* E-mail: fatima.ismail@iub.edu.pk (FI); s22bibbb4m01001@iub.edu.pk (AS); haniimran@szu.edu.cn (MI)

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-0293

⨯
Ayesha Safdar ,

Roles Methodology

* E-mail: fatima.ismail@iub.edu.pk (FI); s22bibbb4m01001@iub.edu.pk (AS); haniimran@szu.edu.cn (MI)

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
⨯
Muhammad Imran

Roles Project administration

* E-mail: fatima.ismail@iub.edu.pk (FI); s22bibbb4m01001@iub.edu.pk (AS); haniimran@szu.edu.cn (MI)

Affiliation Shenzhen University Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
⨯

In vitro characterization of Trichophyton rubrum biofilm by combined anti-biofilm enzymes

Amna Rehman,
Fatima Ismail,
Ayesha Safdar,
Muhammad Imran

Published: September 10, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331291

About the Authors

Amna Rehman

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Fatima Ismail

Roles Supervision

* E-mail: fatima.ismail@iub.edu.pk (FI); s22bibbb4m01001@iub.edu.pk (AS); haniimran@szu.edu.cn (MI)

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-0293

Ayesha Safdar

Roles Methodology

* E-mail: fatima.ismail@iub.edu.pk (FI); s22bibbb4m01001@iub.edu.pk (AS); haniimran@szu.edu.cn (MI)

Muhammad Imran

Roles Project administration

* E-mail: fatima.ismail@iub.edu.pk (FI); s22bibbb4m01001@iub.edu.pk (AS); haniimran@szu.edu.cn (MI)

Affiliation Shenzhen University Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Biofilms
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Cellulases
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Bacterial biofilms
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Proteases
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Scanning electron microscopy
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Fungal structure
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Enzyme inhibitors
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Trichophyton
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