About the Authors

Ameenat Lola Solebo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

a.solebo@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliations Population, Policy and Practice Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Great Ormond Street NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom

Marcus Ang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cornea and External Eye Disease Service and Refractive Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore, DUKE-NUS Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Singapore, Singapore

Alice Bellchambers

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Population, Policy and Practice Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Colin J. Chu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom

Alastair K. Denniston

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Laura E. Downie

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Thomas Evans

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Alexander S. Fraser

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Trinidad Eye Hospital, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago

Scott Hau

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom

Alex S. Huang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Hamilton Glaucoma Center, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Pearse A. Keane

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom

Xiaoxuan Liu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Jodhbir S. Mehta

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cornea and External Eye Disease Service and Refractive Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Giovanni Ometto

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom, Department of Optometry & Visual Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Axel Petzold

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Moorfields NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom, University College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands

Edmund Tsui

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, UCLA Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Tamara S. Fraser

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mid South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom

Benjamin Xu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Funding information AL Solebo is supported by a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist grant (https://www.nihr.ac.uk, grant reference CS-2018-18-ST2-005), and a Wellcome Clinician Scientist award (Grant funding schemes and guidance | Research funding | Wellcome, grant reference 311252/Z/24/Z). All research at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health is made possible by the NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre. Prof Keane is supported by a UK Research & Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (https://www.ukri.org/what-we-do/developing-people-and-skills/future-leaders-fellowships/, grant reference MR/T019050/1) and The Rubin Foundation Charitable Trust (https://findthatcharity.uk/orgid/GB-CHC-327062, no grant reference) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Dr Keane has acted as a consultant for Retina Consultants of America, Topcon, Roche, Boehringer-Ingleheim, and Bitfount and is an equity owner in Big Picture Medical. He has received speaker fees from Zeiss, Novartis, Gyroscope, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Apellis, Roche, Abbvie, Topcon, and Hakim Group. He has received travel support from Bayer, Topcon, and Roche. He has attended advisory boards for Topcon, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingleheim, RetinAI, and Novartis. Dr Solebo has acted as a consultant for Alimera Sciences and received speaker fees from Heidelberg Engineering Limited. No other author has competing interests.