About the Authors

Time Fukuda

Contributed equally to this work with: Time Fukuda, Ranno Haruyama

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

fukuda.taimu.s3@dc.tohoku.ac.jp

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Ranno Haruyama

Contributed equally to this work with: Time Fukuda, Ranno Haruyama

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Yuto Tanaka

Roles Resources

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Shuma Natori

Roles Resources

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Kohei Koiwa

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University of Education, Hokkaido, Japan

Koubun Wakashima

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.