About the Authors

Hiroyuki Akamine

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Akiyuki Uzawa

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

* auzawa@chiba-u.jp

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Satoshi Kuwabara

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Shigeaki Suzuki

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Yosuke Onishi

Roles Conceptualization, Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Manato Yasuda

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Yukiko Ozawa

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Naoki Kawaguchi

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Neurology Chiba Clinic, Chiba, Japan

Tomoya Kubota

Roles Resources

Affiliation Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Masanori P. Takahashi

Roles Resources

Affiliation Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Yasushi Suzuki

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan

Genya Watanabe

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan

Takashi Kimura

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan

Takamichi Sugimoto

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

Makoto Samukawa

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan

Naoya Minami

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan

Masayuki Masuda

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Shingo Konno

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

Yuriko Nagane

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan

Kimiaki Utsugisawa

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan

Competing Interests

AU has received honoraria from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Novartis, and Argenx. SS received speakers’ fees from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, the Japan Blood Products Organization, Asahi Kasei Medical and Argenx and participated on advisory board meeting of Alexion Pharmaceuticals and Argenx. SK has received Research Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan ( 23FC1009) and honoraria from CSL Behring. TK reports honorarium for lectures from Alexon Pharmaceuticals, Argenx, and UCB Pharma. MPT reports unrestricted research grants from Japan Blood Products Organization, Astellas Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Pfizer, outside the submitted work, and has served as a paid Consultant for Alexion, Argenx, Sanofi, and UCB Pharma and received honorarium for lectures from Argenx, Alexion Pharmaceuticals and UCB Pharma. MM has received speaker honoraria from UCB Pharma, Japan Blood Products Organization, Argenx, Asahi Kasei Medical, Alexion Pharmaceutical and participated on advisory board meeting of Alexion Pharmaceutical, Argenx, and UCB. KU has served as a paid Consultant for UCB Pharma, Janssen Pharma, Horizon Therpeutics (Viela Bio), Chugai Pharma, Hanall BioPharma and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and has received speaker honoraria from Argenx, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, and the Japan Blood Products Organisation. Other authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest. YN has received speaker honoraria from argenx, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Japan Blood Products Organization, and UCB Pharma. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.