About the Authors

Yekai Zhou

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are co-first authors.

Affiliations School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Celia Jiaxi Lin

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are co-first authors.

Affiliation School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Qiuyan Yu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Joseph Edgar Blais

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Eric Yuk Fai Wan

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China,

Emmanuel Wong

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Kathryn Tan

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

David Chung-Wah Siu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Kai Hang Yiu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Esther Wai Yin Chan

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Doris Yu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

William Wong

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Tak-Wah Lam

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China

Ian Chi Kei Wong

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China,, Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ruibang Luo

Roles Writing – review & editing

cslchui@hku.hk (CSLC); rbluo@cs.hku.hk (RL)

Affiliations School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China,

Celine S. L. Chui

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

cslchui@hku.hk (CSLC); rbluo@cs.hku.hk (RL)

Affiliations Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China,

Competing Interests

EYFW has received research grants from the Food and Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, outside the submitted work. EWYC reports honorarium from Hospital Authority; and grants from Research Grants Council (RGC, Hong Kong), Research Fund Secretariat of the Food and Health Bureau, National Natural Science Fund of China, Wellcome Trust, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Amgen, Takeda, and Narcotics Division of the Security Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, outside the submitted work. ICKW reports research funding outside the submitted work from Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Bayer, GSK, Novartis, the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, the Food and Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, National Institute for Health Research in England, European Commission, and the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia; has received speaker fees from Janssen and Medice in the previous 3 years; and is an independent non-executive director of Jacobson Medical in Hong Kong. CSLC has received grants from the Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong Research Grant Council, Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, Pfizer, IQVIA, MSD, and Amgen; and personal fees from PrimeVigilance; outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.