About the Authors

Richard J. Shaw

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

richard.shaw@glasgow.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Olivia K. L. Hamilton

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Rebecca Rhead

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Richard J. Silverwood

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Jacques Wels

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Centre Metices, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Jingmin Zhu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Giorgio Di Gessa

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Ruth C. E. Bowyer

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, AI For Science & Government, Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

Bettina Moltrecht

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Michael J. Green

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Division of Women’s Community and Population Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America

Evangelia Demou

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Serena Pattaro

Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research (SCADR), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Paola Zaninotto

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Andy Boyd

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Felix Greaves

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Nishi Chaturvedi

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom

George B. Ploubidis

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

We have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: SVK was co-chair of the Scottish Government’s Expert Reference Group on Ethnicity and COVID-19 and a member of the UK Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies subgroup on ethnicity. FG was employed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.