About the Authors

Michael S. DiStefano

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Stephanie N. Weiss

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Courtney A. Nuss

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Rebecca L. Betts

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Biao Han

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andrew F. Kuntz

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Louis J. Soslowsky

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

soslowsk@upenn.edu

Affiliations McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.