About the Authors

Annika L. Gilmore

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Helena Vu

Contributed equally to this work with: Helena Vu, Travis Martinez, Lousili Peniata

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Travis Martinez

Contributed equally to this work with: Helena Vu, Travis Martinez, Lousili Peniata

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Lousili Peniata

Contributed equally to this work with: Helena Vu, Travis Martinez, Lousili Peniata

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Brooke Kawaguchi

Roles Investigation, Resources

‡BK and NNA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

David A. Armbruster

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Depuy Synthes, West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Nicholas N. Ashton

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡BK and NNA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Dustin L. Williams

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dustin.williams@utah.edu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Bone and Biofilm Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.