About the Authors

David Kline

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dkline@wakehealth.edu

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Staci A. Hepler

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Statistical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Noa Krawczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Lance A. Waller

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Magdalena Cerdá

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Noa Krawczyk receives consulting fees for expert witness testimony in ongoing opioid litigation.