About the Authors

Elizabeth R. Seaquist

Contributed equally to this work with: Elizabeth R. Seaquist, Lawrence S. Phillips

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

grademail@bsc.gwu.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Lawrence S. Phillips

Contributed equally to this work with: Elizabeth R. Seaquist, Lawrence S. Phillips

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Alokananda Ghosh

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute of Public Health, The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Chelsea Baker

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America

Richard M. Bergenstal

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Partners Institute, International Diabetes Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Jill P. Crandall

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology and Fleischer Institute for Diabetes & Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America

Robin S. Goland

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America

Michaela R. Gramzinski

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute of Public Health, The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Sophia H. Hox

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, United States of America

Daniel S. Hsia

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinical Trials Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America

Mary L. Johnson

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Partners Institute, International Diabetes Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

John M. Lachin

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute of Public Health, The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Philip Raskin

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Texas—Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America

Willy M. Valencia

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Center, Miami, FL, United States of America, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, University Park, FL, United States of America, Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute, Center for Geriatric Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH, United States of America

Andrea H. Waltje

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Naji Younes

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute of Public Health, The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, United States of America

for the GRADE Research Group

Membership of the GRADE Research Group is provided in S1 Text

Competing Interests

Outside the submitted work, Dr. Elizabeth Seaquist reports grants or contracts from JDRF to her institution; consulting fees from Lily, NovoNordisk, Sanofi, and Zucara; honoraria from International Hypoglycemia study group; board membership with the American Diabetes Association; and receipt of sensors from Dexcom to her institution. Dr. Lawrence Phillips reports salary support from the Veterans Health Administration during the conduct of the study; grants from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, grants from Merck, Amylin, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, PhaseBio, Roche, AbbVie, Vascular Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Kowa, and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; other support from DIASYST, outside the submitted work. Outside the submitted work, Dr. Richard M. Bergenstal reports consulting fees from Abbot Diabetes Care, Ascencia, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., DexCom, MannKind, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and United Health Care made to HealthPartners Institute; payments or honoraria from Sanofi and Vertex Pharmaceuticals made to Health Partners Institute; support for meetings or travel from Abbott Diabetes Care, Ascensia, CeQur, Eli Lilly, Embecta, MannKind, Novo Nordisk, Roche GmbH, Sanofi, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, and Zealand Pharma made to Health Partners Institute, and participation on a data safety monitoring or advisory board from Abbott Diabetes Care, CeQur, Eli Lilly, Embecta, Hygieia, Roche GmbH, and Zealand Pharma with payments made to HealthPartners Institute. Outside the submitted work, Dr. Jill Crandall reports non-financial support from Abbott. Outside the submitted work, Mary L Johnson reports research grants paid to Health Partners Institute from Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, and Lilly. Dr. Alokananda Ghosh, Dr. Naji Younes, Dr. John Lachin, Chelsea Baker, Dr. Robin S. Goland, Michaela R Gramzinski, Dr. Daniel S Hsia, Dr. Sophia H Hox, Dr. Philip Raskin, Dr. Willy M Valencia, and Andrea H Waltje have nothing to disclose. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.