About the Authors

Barbara de Mori

Contributed equally to this work with: Barbara de Mori, Elena Mercugliano

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

barbara.demori@unipd.it (BM); elena.mercugliano@studenti.unipd.it (EM)

Affiliations Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Elena Mercugliano

Contributed equally to this work with: Barbara de Mori, Elena Mercugliano

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

barbara.demori@unipd.it (BM); elena.mercugliano@studenti.unipd.it (EM)

Affiliations Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Adriana F. Cerizza

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Pierfrancesco Biasetti

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany

Daniela Florio

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Riccardo Da Re

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation ETIFOR, Padua, Italy

Sandro Mazzariol

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Olga Usachova

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Simone Basile

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Claudia Gili

Roles Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

‡ CG and SRN authors also contributed equally to this work, and have to be equally recognized as last authors.

Affiliation Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy

Sara Rota Nodari

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ CG and SRN authors also contributed equally to this work, and have to be equally recognized as last authors.

Affiliation Italian National Reference Center for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Brescia, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.