About the Authors

John Whitaker

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

j.whitaker@bham.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Taniel Njawala

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (formerly Karonga Prevention Study), Chilumba, Malawi

Vitumbeku Nyirenda

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (formerly Karonga Prevention Study), Chilumba, Malawi

Abena S. Amoah

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (formerly Karonga Prevention Study), Chilumba, Malawi, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

Albert Dube

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (formerly Karonga Prevention Study), Chilumba, Malawi

Lindani Chirwa

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Karonga District Hospital, Karonga District Health Office, Karonga, Malawi, School of Medicine & Oral Health, Department of Pathology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi

Boston Munthali

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Mzuzu Central Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mzuzu, Malawi, Lilongwe Institute of Orthopaedic and Neurosurgery, Lilongwe, Malawi

Rory Rickard

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Andrew J. M. Leather

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ AJML and JD are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Justine Davies

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ AJML and JD are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Global Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.