About the Authors

James Brooks

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jamesgerardbrooks@gmail.com

Affiliations Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Kumamoto Sanctuary, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Karlijn van Heijst

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Amanda Epping

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America

Seok Hwan Lee

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Aslihan Niksarli

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Türkiye

Amy Pope

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Zanna Clay

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom

Mariska E. Kret

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

Jared Taglialatela

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America

Shinya Yamamoto

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.