About the Authors

Bahram Rahman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

rahmab1@mcmaster.ca

Affiliations Physician and Provider Services Division, Ministry of Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Glenda Babe

Contributed equally to this work with: Glenda Babe, Andrew P. Costa

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Lauren E. Griffith

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ LEG, DP, and LLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

David Price

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ LEG, DP, and LLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations McMaster Family Health Team, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Medical School, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Lauren Lapointe-Shaw

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ LEG, DP, and LLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Women’s College Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Andrew P. Costa

Contributed equally to this work with: Glenda Babe, Andrew P. Costa

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Centre for Integrated Care, St. Joseph’s Health System, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.