About the Authors

Asri Maharani

Contributed equally to this work with: Asri Maharani, David R. Sinclair

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

asri.maharani@manchester.ac.uk

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

David R. Sinclair

Contributed equally to this work with: Asri Maharani, David R. Sinclair

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Andrew Clegg

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Barbara Hanratty

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

James Nazroo

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Gindo Tampubolon

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Chris Todd

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Raphael Wittenberg

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom

Terence W. O’Neill

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ TWO and FEM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Fiona E. Matthews

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ TWO and FEM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.