About the Authors

Sa Ren

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Munira Essat

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Abdullah Pandor

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Steve Goodacre

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

s.goodacre@sheffield.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Shijie Ren

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Mark Clowes

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Paolo Bima

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Mamoru Toyofuku

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan

Rachel McLatchie

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Eduardo Bossone

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

Competing Interests

AP, SG, ME, MC, ShR all declare funding from NIHR Health Technology Assessment Grant NIHR151853. There are no other competing interests.