About the Authors

Shu-Ching Chang

Contributed equally to this work with: Shu-Ching Chang, Gary L. Grunkemeier, Jason D. Goldman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

schang@sts.org

Current address: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), Chicago, IL, United States of America

Affiliation Providence St. Joseph Health, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Gary L. Grunkemeier

Contributed equally to this work with: Shu-Ching Chang, Gary L. Grunkemeier, Jason D. Goldman

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America

Jason D. Goldman

Contributed equally to this work with: Shu-Ching Chang, Gary L. Grunkemeier, Jason D. Goldman

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America, Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America

Mansen Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation ClinChoice, Portland, OR, United States of America

Paul A. McKelvey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Providence Heart Institute, Providence St. Joseph Health, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Jennifer Hadlock

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Qi Wei

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

George A. Diaz

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Regional Medical Center Everett, Everett, WA, United States of America, Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States of America, Providence Research Network, Renton, WA, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: G.A.D reported receipt of clinical trial research support from Gilead Sciences, Regeneron, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Edesa Biotech and NeuroBo Pharmaceuticals. J.D.G reports contracted research from Helix, Gilead, Eli Lilly, and Regeneron, grants from Merck (BARDA) and Gilead, and collaborative services agreements with Adaptive Biotechnologies, Monogram Biosciences and Labcorp; and serving as a consultant, speaker or advisory board member for Gilead, and Eli Lilly. All other authors have nothing to disclose.