About the Authors

Hanneke F. M. Rhodius-Meester

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft

h.rhodius@amsterdamumc.nl

Affiliations Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine Section, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Memory Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Ingrid S. van Maurik

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Lyduine E. Collij

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Aniek M. van Gils

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Juha Koikkalainen

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Combinostics Ltd., Tampere, Finland

Antti Tolonen

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Combinostics Ltd., Tampere, Finland

Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Johannes Berkhof

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Frederik Barkhof

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Elsmarieke van de Giessen

Roles Data curation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Jyrki Lötjönen

Roles Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Combinostics Ltd., Tampere, Finland

Wiesje M. van der Flier

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

We have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this paper have the following competing interests: Hanneke F.M. Rhodius-Meester performs contract research for Combinostics; all funding is paid to her institution. Ingrid van Maurik received a consultancy fee (paid to the university) from Roche. Lyduine E. Collij has received consultancy fees from GE Healthcare; all funding is paid to her institution. Juha Koikkalainen and Jyrki Lötjönen report that Combinostics Oy owns the following IPR related to the paper: 1. J. Koikkalainen and J. Lotjonen, “A method for inferring the state of a system,” US7,840,510 B2, PCT/FI2007/050277. 2. J. Lotjonen, J. Koikkalainen and J. Mattila, “State Inference in a heterogeneous system,” PCT/FI2010/050545, FI20125177. Koikkalainen and Lötjönen are shareholders in Combinostics Oy. Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg has received funding from Dioraphte Foundation, Zabawas Foundation, JPND, ZonMW, NWO, Team Alzheimer and the Dutch Brain Foundation. Frederik Barkhof is member of the Steering committee or Data Safety Monitoring Board member for Biogen, Merck, ATRI/ACTC and Prothena. Barkhof is a consultant for Roche, Celltrion, Rewind Therapeutics, Merck, IXICO, Jansen, Combinostics. Barkhof has research agreements with Merck, Biogen, GE Healthcare, Roche. Co-founder and shareholder of Queen Square Analytics LTD. Elsmarieke van de Giessen has received research support from NWO, ZonMw, Hersenstichting and KWF. van de Giessen has performed contract research for Heuron Inc., Roche and 1st Biotherapeutics. van deGiessen has a consultancy agreement with IXICO for the reading of PET scans. Wiesje M van der Flier performs contract research for Biogen. Research programs of van der Flier have been funded by ZonMW, NWO, EU-FP7, EU-JPND, Alzheimer Nederland, CardioVascular Onderzoek Nederland, Health~Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health, stichting Dioraphte, Gieskes-Strijbis fonds, stichting Equilibrio, Pasman stichting, stichting Alzheimer & NeuroPsychiatry Foundation, Philips, Biogen MA Inc, Novartis-NL, Life-MI, AVID, Roche BV, Fujifilm, Combinostics. van der Flier has performed contract research for Biogen MA Inc, and Boehringer Ingelheim. van der Flier has been an invited speaker at Boehringer Ingelheim, Biogen MA Inc, Danone, Eisai, WebMD Neurology (Medscape), Springer Healthcare. van der Flier is consultant to Oxford Health Policy Forum CIC, Roche and Biogen MA Inc. van der Flier participated in advisory boards of Biogen MA Inc. and Roche. All funding is paid to her institution. van der Flier was associate editor of Alzheimer, Research & Therapy in 2020/2021. van der Flier is associate editor at Brain. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.