Has food security in the EU countries worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic? Analysis of physical and economic access to food

Karolina Pawlak; Agata Malak-Rawlikowska; Mariusz Hamulczuk; Marta Skrzypczyk

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302072

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Has food security in the EU countries worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic? Analysis of physical and economic access to food

Karolina Pawlak ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Economics and Economic Policy in Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-6381

⨯
Agata Malak-Rawlikowska ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: agata_malak-rawlikowska@sggw.edu.pl

Affiliation Department of Economics and Organisation of Enterprises, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-0989

⨯
Mariusz Hamulczuk ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of International Economics and Agribusiness, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
⨯
Marta Skrzypczyk

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of International Economics and Agribusiness, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
⨯

Has food security in the EU countries worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic? Analysis of physical and economic access to food

Karolina Pawlak,
Agata Malak-Rawlikowska,
Mariusz Hamulczuk,
Marta Skrzypczyk

Published: April 17, 2024
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302072

About the Authors

Karolina Pawlak

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Economics and Economic Policy in Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-6381

Agata Malak-Rawlikowska

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: agata_malak-rawlikowska@sggw.edu.pl

Affiliation Department of Economics and Organisation of Enterprises, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-0989

Mariusz Hamulczuk

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Affiliation Department of International Economics and Agribusiness, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Marta Skrzypczyk

Contributed equally to this work with: Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of International Economics and Agribusiness, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Pandemics
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COVID 19
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Food
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National security
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European Union
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Meat
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Chickens
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Salaries
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