About the Authors

So Kato

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

skatou-tky@umin.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Justin S. Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Devin Driesman

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Christopher I. Shaffrey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Lawrence G. Lenke

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Spine Surgery, The Spine Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Stephen J. Lewis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

AO Spine Knowledge Forum Deformity

Membership of AO Spine Knowledge Forum Deformity is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Affiliation AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland

Competing Interests

SK receives grants from Baxter and Olympus Terumo Biomaterials. JSS receives grants from DePuy Synthes/ISSG and AO Spine, royalties from Zimmer Biomet and NuVasive, consulting fees from Zimmer Biomet, NuVasive, SeaSpine, Cerapedics, and Carlsmed, has leadership roles in ISSG, and has stock or stock options for Alphatec, Nuvasive and Carlsmed. DD has no declarations. CIS receives grants from NIH and ISSG, royalties from NuVasive, Medtronic, and SI-Bone, consulting fees from Proprio, Medtronic, and SI-Bone, and has stock or stock options for Priprio and NuVasive. LGL receives grants from Scoliosis Research Society, Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, AO Spine NIH and ISSG, royalties from Medtronic and Acuity Surgical, consulting fees from Medtronic and Acuity Surgical. SJL has no declarations. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.